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In 1858, The Bawani Imli massacre, where 52 Indian freedom fighters are hanged to death on a tamarind tree by British colonial forces. This featured entry focuses on the immediate decision and its direct historical impact.
April 28 in History
51 events
224 – 2004
Today in history
April 28 spans 51 recorded events across recorded history, from 224 to 2004. Below is a curated digest of the most significant moments tied to this date.
By thisDay.info Editorial Team · — Wikipedia
1858 — The Bawani Imli massacre, where 52 Indian freedom fighters are hanged to death on a tamarind tree by British colonial forces
More major events on April 28
The featured story and these ranked highlights form a quick summary. Every recorded event remains available in the chronology below.
- 1991 Space Shuttle Discovery launches on STS-39, the first unclassified shuttle mission for the United States Department of Defense. Source
- 1952 The Treaty of San Francisco comes into effect, restoring Japanese sovereignty and ending its state of war with most of the Allies of World War II. Source
- 1952 The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Treaty of Taipei) is signed in Taipei, Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War. Source
224
The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought.
Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V, effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
357
Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius.
Roman emperor from 337 to 361
1192
Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election.
The killing is carried out by Hashshashin.
1253
Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō for the first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism.
Japanese Buddhist monk and philosopher and True Buddha (1222–1282)
1294
Temür, grandson of Kublai, is elected Khagan of the Mongols with the reigning title Oljeitu.
Emperor of Yuan dynasty from 1294 to 1307
1503
The Battle of Cerignola is fought.
It is noted as one of the first European battles in history won by small arms fire using gunpowder.
1611
Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, the Catholic University of the Philippines and the largest Catholic university in the world.
Private university in Metro Manila, Philippines
1625
A combined Spanish and Portuguese fleet of 52 ships commences the recapture of Bahia from the Dutch during the Dutch–Portuguese War.
Colonial empire between 1492 and 1976
1738
Pope Clement XII issues the first papal condemnation of Freemasonry and formally prohibits Catholics from becoming Freemasons.
Head of the Catholic Church from 1730 to 1740
1758
The Marathas defeat the Afghans in the Battle of Attock and capture the city.
1674–1818 empire in the Indian subcontinent
1788
Maryland becomes the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution.
U.S. state
1789
The Mutiny on the Bounty occurs, with the ship's captain, Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors, set adrift, and the rebel crew setting sail for Tahiti.
Eventually the majority of rebels sail for Pitcairn Island.
1792
France invades the Austrian Netherlands (present day Belgium and Luxembourg), beginning the French Revolutionary Wars.
Austrian territory (1714–1797)
1794
Sardinians, headed by Giovanni Maria Angioy, start a revolution against the Savoy domination, expelling Viceroy Balbiano and his officials from Cagliari, the capital and largest city of the island.
People from (or residents of) Sardinia
1796
The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Vittorio Amedeo III, King of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast.
1796 treaty between Sardinia and France
1859
The sailing clipper ship Pomona is wrecked on the coast of Ireland with the loss of 424 of the 448 passengers and crew aboard.
Clipper ship (1856–1859)
1869
Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the first transcontinental railroad lay ten miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched.
U.S. company that built western leg of the first transcontinental railroad
1881
Billy the Kid escapes from the Lincoln County jail in Mesilla, New Mexico.
American outlaw and gunfighter (1859–1881)
1887
A week after being arrested by the Prussian Secret Police, French police inspector Guillaume Schnaebelé is released on order of Wilhelm I, German Emperor, defusing a possible war.
19th and 20th-century political police in Prussia
1910
Frenchman Louis Paulhan wins the 1910 London to Manchester air race, the first long-distance aeroplane race in the United Kingdom.
Pioneering French aviator
1920
The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic is founded.
Soviet republic from 1922 to 1991
1923
Wembley Stadium is opened, named initially as the Empire Stadium.
Former stadium in Wembley Park, London
1930
The Independence Producers host the first night game in the history of Organized Baseball in Independence, Kansas.
American professional baseball team
1937
South African medical researcher Max Theiler develops the yellow fever vaccine at the Rockefeller Foundation in New York City.
Country in Southern Africa
1941
The Ustaše massacre nearly 200 Serbs in the village of Gudovac, the first massacre of their genocidal campaign against Serbs of the Independent State of Croatia.
Croatian fascist and ultranationalist organization (1929–45)
1944
World War II: Nine German E-boats attack US and UK units during Exercise Tiger, the rehearsal for the Normandy landings, killing 946.
Global conflict (1939–1945)
1945
Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are shot dead by Walter Audisio, a member of the Italian resistance movement.
Dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943
1945
The Holocaust: Nazi Germany carries out its final use of gas chambers to execute 33 Upper Austrian socialist and communist leaders in Mauthausen concentration camp.
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
1947
Thor Heyerdahl and five crew mates set out from Peru on the Kon-Tiki to demonstrate that Peruvian natives could have settled Polynesia.
Norwegian anthropologist and adventurer (1914–2002)
1948
Igor Stravinsky conducts the premiere of his American ballet, Orpheus at the New York City Center.
Russian composer (1882–1971)
1949
The Hukbalahap are accused of assassinating former First Lady of the Philippines Aurora Quezon, while she is en route to dedicate a hospital in memory of her late husband; her daughter and ten others are also killed.
1942–1954 Philippine communist guerrilla movement
1952
Dwight D.
Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Allied Commander of NATO in order to campaign in the 1952 United States presidential election.
1952
The Treaty of San Francisco comes into effect, restoring Japanese sovereignty and ending its state of war with most of the Allies of World War II.
1952 Japan–Allies peace treaty
1952
The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Treaty of Taipei) is signed in Taipei, Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War.
1952 peace treaty between Japan and the Republic of China
1965
United States occupation of the Dominican Republic: American troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate US Army troops.
1965 civil war in the Dominican Republic
1967
Vietnam War: Boxer Muhammad Ali refuses his induction into the United States Army and is subsequently stripped of his championship and license.
1955–1975 war in Southeast Asia
1969
Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France.
French general and statesman (1890–1970)
1970
Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to take part in the Cambodian campaign.
1955–1975 war in Southeast Asia
1973
The Dark Side of the Moon by Pink Floyd, recorded in Abbey Road Studios goes to number one on the US Billboard chart, beginning a record-breaking 741-week chart run.
1973 studio album by Pink Floyd
1975
General Cao Văn Viên, chief of the South Vietnamese military, departs for the US as the North Vietnamese Army closes in on victory.
South Vietnamese general (1921–2008)
1977
The Red Army Faction trial ends, with Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe found guilty of four counts of murder and more than 30 counts of attempted murder.
West German far-left militant organisation (1970–1998)
1978
The President of Afghanistan, Mohammad Daoud Khan, is overthrown and assassinated in a coup led by pro-communist rebels.
Former head of state and government
1983
The West German news magazine Stern begins publishing excerpts from the purported diaries of Adolf Hitler, later revealed to be forgeries.
German weekly news magazine
1986
High levels of radiation resulting from the Chernobyl disaster are detected at Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant in Sweden, leading Soviet authorities to publicly announce the accident.
1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union
1988
Near Maui, Hawaii, flight attendant Clarabelle "C.B." Lansing is blown out of Aloha Airlines Flight 243, a Boeing 737, and falls to her death when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid-flight.
Second largest island in Hawaii
1991
Space Shuttle Discovery launches on STS-39, the first unclassified shuttle mission for the United States Department of Defense.
Space Shuttle orbiter (1984–2011)
1994
Former Central Intelligence Agency counterintelligence officer and analyst Aldrich Ames pleads guilty to giving US secrets to the Soviet Union and later Russia.
U.S. intelligence and covert action agency
1996
Whitewater controversy: President Bill Clinton gives a 41⁄2 hour videotaped testimony for the defense.
1990s U.S. political controversy
1996
Port Arthur massacre, Tasmania: A gunman, Martin Bryant, opens fire at the Broad Arrow Cafe in Port Arthur, Tasmania, killing 35 people and wounding 23 others.
1996 mass shooting in Tasmania, Australia
2004
CBS News releases evidence of the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse.
The photographs show rape and abuse from the American troops over Iraqi detainees.