July 22 in History

Soviet space dogs: Dezik and Tsygan were launched into a sub-orbital spaceflight

1951 — Soviet space dogs: Dezik and Tsygan were launched into a sub-orbital spaceflight from Kapustin Yar and became the first dogs to fly in space and the first to safely return

July 22 spans 56 recorded events across recorded history, from 259 to 2019. Below is a curated digest of the most significant moments tied to this date.

By · Wikipedia

Historical Events 56 events 259 – 2019

More major events on July 22

The featured story and these ranked highlights form a quick summary. Every recorded event remains available in the chronology below.

  1. 1099 First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem. Source
  2. 2019 Chandrayaan-2, the second lunar exploration mission developed by Indian Space Research Organisation after Chandrayaan-1 is launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in a GSLV Mark III M1. It consists of a lunar orbiter, and also included the Vikram lander, and the Pragyan lunar rover. Source
  3. 1833 The Slavery Abolition Act passes in the British House of Commons, initiating the gradual abolition of slavery in most parts of the British Empire. Source

Did you know

In 1951, Soviet space dogs: Dezik and Tsygan were launched into a sub-orbital spaceflight from Kapustin Yar and became the first dogs to fly in space and the first to safely return. This featured entry focuses on the immediate decision and its direct historical impact.

Did you know

A sub-orbital spaceflight is a spaceflight in which the vehicle reaches outer space, but its trajectory intersects the surface of the gravitating body from which it was launched. This helps explain why the event mattered beyond the initial announcement.

Did you know

Hence, it will not complete one orbital revolution, will not become an artificial satellite nor will it reach escape velocity. This clarifies the institutional and public response around the event.

Did you know

In 1951, Soviet space dogs: Dezik and Tsygan were launched into a sub-orbital spaceflight from Kapustin Yar and became the first dogs to fly in space and the first to safely return had consequences that extended beyond the first headline. The key context is the institutions involved, the policy shift, and how the public response evolved afterward.

Did you know

In 1951, Soviet space dogs: Dezik and Tsygan were launched into a sub-orbital spaceflight from Kapustin Yar and became the first dogs to fly in space and the first to safely return had consequences that extended beyond the first headline. The key context is the institutions involved, the policy shift, and how the public response evolved afterward.


259 Pope_Dionysius
Election of Pope Dionysius after the death of Pope Sixtus II in the persecutions of Emperor Valerian in the previous year.
Head of the Catholic Church from 259 to 268
838 Battle_of_Anzen
Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
838 battle of the Arab-Byzantine wars
1099 First_Crusade
First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1096–1099 Christian re-conquest of the Holy Land
1209 Massacre_at_Béziers
Massacre at Béziers: The first major military action of the Albigensian Crusade.
1209 killing of Cathars during the Albigensian Crusade
1227 Valdemar_II_of_Denmark
A coalition of north-east German towns, counts and princes defeats King Valdemar II of Denmark in the Battle of Bornhöved.
King of Denmark from 1202 to 1241
1298 Wars_of_Scottish_Independence
Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk: King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk.
War of national liberation between Scotland and England
1342 St._Mary_Magdalene's_flood
St.
Mary Magdalene's flood is the worst such event on record for central Europe.
1443 Battle_of_St._Jakob_an_der_Sihl
Battle of St.
Jakob an der Sihl in the Old Zürich War.
1456 Ottoman_wars_in_Europe
Ottoman wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade: John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire.
Series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states
1484
Battle of Lochmaben Fair: A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.
1484 battle of the Anglo-Scottish wars
1499 Battle_of_Dornach
Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.
Battle of the Swabian War of 1499
1587 Roanoke_Colony
Roanoke Colony: A second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.
Failed colony in North America (1584–1590)
1594 Groningen
The Dutch city of Groningen defended by the Spanish and besieged by a Dutch and English army under Maurice of Orange, capitulates.
City and municipality in the Netherlands
1598 William_Shakespeare
William Shakespeare's play, The Merchant of Venice, is entered on the Stationers' Register.
By decree of Queen Elizabeth, the Stationers' Register licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published material.
1686 Albany,_New_York
Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.
Capital city of New York, United States
1706 Acts_of_Union_1707
The Acts of Union 1707 are agreed upon by commissioners from the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which, when passed by each country's Parliament, leads to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Acts of Parliament creating the Kingdom of Great Britain
1793 Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)
Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of North America.
Scottish explorer and fur trader (1764–1820)
1796 Connecticut_Land_Company
Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen.
Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.
1797 Battle_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_(1797)
Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars.
During the Battle, Rear-Admiral Nelson is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated.
1802 Gia_Long
Emperor Gia Long conquers Hanoi and unified Viet Nam, which had experienced centuries of feudal warfare.
Founding emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty (r. 1802–04)
1805 Napoleonic_Wars
Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition: Battle of Cape Finisterre: An inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of France and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.
1803–1815 series of wars led by Napoleon
1812 Peninsular_War
Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War: Battle of Salamanca: British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.
1807–1814 war against Napoleon in Iberia
1833 Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833
The Slavery Abolition Act passes in the British House of Commons, initiating the gradual abolition of slavery in most parts of the British Empire.
Law which abolished slavery in the colonies of the British Empire
1864 American_Civil_War
American Civil War: In the Battle of Atlanta, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T.
Sherman on Bald Hill outside Atlanta.
1880 Abdur_Rahman_Khan
Abdur Rahman is proclaimed emir of Afghanistan after having been accepted as ruler by the British.
Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901
1893 Katharine_Lee_Bates
Katharine Lee Bates writes "America the Beautiful" after admiring the view from the top of Pikes Peak near Colorado Springs, Colorado.
American poet, author, and professor; writer of "America the Beautiful" (1859–1929)
1894 Paris–Rouen_(motor_race)
The first ever motor race is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen.
The fastest finisher was the Comte Jules-Albert de Dion, but the "official" victory was awarded to Albert Lemaître driving his three-horsepower petrol engined Peugeot.
1916 Preparedness_Day_bombing
Preparedness Day Bombing: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a parade, killing ten and injuring 40.
1916 bombing of a Preparedness Movement parade in San Francisco, California
1921 Rif_War
Rif War: The Spanish Army suffers its worst military defeat in modern times to the Berbers of the Rif region of Spanish Morocco.
1921–1926 war between Spain and Riffian tribes of Morocco
1933 Wiley_Post
Aviator Wiley Post returns to Floyd Bennett Field in New York City, completing the first solo flight around the world in seven days, 18 hours and 49 minutes.
20th-century American aviator
1937 New_Deal
New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D.
Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
1942 Gasoline
The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.
Liquid fuel derived from petroleum
1942 Grossaktion_Warsaw
Grossaktion Warsaw: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto begins.
Nazi operation to deport and murder Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto during WWII
1943 World_War_II
World War II: Allied forces capture Palermo during the Allied invasion of Sicily.
Global conflict (1939–1945)
1943 Axis_powers
World War II: Axis occupation forces violently disperse a massive protest in Athens, killing 22.
Major alliance of World War II
1944 Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation
The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland.
Provisional government of Poland, proclaimed in 1944
1946 King_David_Hotel_bombing
King David Hotel bombing: A Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths.
1946 terrorist attack in Jerusalem
1962 Mariner_program
Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.
NASA space program from 1962 to 1973
1963 Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak
Crown Colony of Sarawak gains self-governance.
British colony in Asia from 1946 to 1963
1973 Pan_Am_Flight_816
Pan Am Flight 816 crashes after takeoff from Faa'a International Airport in Papeete, French Polynesia, killing 78.
1973 aviation accident
1976 Philippines
Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during imperial Japan's conquest of the country in the Second World War.
Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia
1977 Deng_Xiaoping
Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.
Leader of China from 1978 to 1989
1981 1981_South_Africa_rugby_union_tour_of_New_Zealand_and_the_United_States
The first game of the 1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand and the United States is held in Gisborne, New Zealand.
1983 Martial_law_in_Poland
Martial law in Poland is officially revoked.
1981–83 period of repression
1990 Greg_LeMond
Greg LeMond, an American road racing cyclist, wins his third Tour de France after leading the majority of the race.
It was LeMond's second consecutive Tour de France victory.
1992 Medellín
Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States.
City in Colombia
1993 Great_Flood_of_1993
Great Flood of 1993: Levees near Kaskaskia, Illinois rupture, forcing the entire town to evacuate by barges operated by the Army Corps of Engineers.
Midwestern United States flooding
1997 Blue_Water_Bridge
The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario.
Twin-span bridge between Point Edward, Ontario, Canada and Port Huron, Michigan, US
2003 Iraq_War
Iraq War: Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year-old son, and a bodyguard.
2003–2011 conflict in Iraq
2005 Killing_of_Jean_Charles_de_Menezes
Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings and the 21 July 2005 London bombings.
2005 wrongful police shooting in London, England
2011 2011_Norway_attacks
Norway attacks: A bomb explodes, targeted at government buildings in central Oslo, followed by a massacre at a youth camp on the island of Utøya.
Domestic terrorist attacks
2012 Syrian_civil_war
Syrian civil war: The People's Protection Units (YPG) captured the cities of Serê Kaniyê and Dirbêsiyê, during clashes with pro-government forces in Al-Hasakah.
2011–2024 armed conflict in Syria
2013 2013_Dingxi_earthquakes
Dingxi earthquakes: A series of earthquakes in Dingxi, China, kills at least 89 people and injures more than 500 others.
Very strong fatal earthquakes in Gansu province, China
2019 Chandrayaan-2
Chandrayaan-2, the second lunar exploration mission developed by Indian Space Research Organisation after Chandrayaan-1 is launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in a GSLV Mark III M1.
It consists of a lunar orbiter, and also included the Vikram lander, and the Pragyan lunar rover.

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